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Similarity/dissimilarity analysis of genomic data on the basis of graphical representation
Těthal, Jiří ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The work deals with the identification of species of animal through the density of nucleotids of mitochondrial gene CO1. In the first part the theory summarized information about DNA barcoding and the mitochondria, cellular organel that with this method is closely related. The second part deals with virtually comparing different sequences using the density of nucleotides. For this it was created program, which uses two functions, the first of the specified nucleotide sequence calculates the density and one can compare the density by distance methods.
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Comparison of mitochondrial DNA for species identification
Labounek, René ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The work deals with the method of recognizing species on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA segment. This analysis and classification using segment gene called CO1 in literatures such as barcode of life. In the beginning of work is analyzed the mitochondrial theory of heredity and conditions of formation of barcode. Practical use is based on this theory in creating database of barcodes generated to different animal species. Data used for creating the library are drawn from public databases NCBI and BOLD Systems. The next part of this work concerns about methods of comparison of the individual barcodes to the others and especially to the barcode of human. Three main computing methods were used tore these analyses: Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, Smith- Waterman algorithm and comparison of similarities using distance matrix. This work also concerns about transformation of DNA molecule sequences from symbols to numeric formats, which is required for the distance matrix comparison method. Algorithms for searching for a barcode of a species and vice versa were created to ease the work with data.
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Effect of nucleotide density vector's reduction on molecular identification of organisms
Kosková, Markéta ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
This work deals with the effect of nucleotide density vector's reduction on molecular identification of organisms. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the work explains the concept of species, its development and its mutations. The next section provides basics of taxonomy, particularly the molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding, with a description of mitochondrial DNA and its usability in the identification of species. The end of the theoretical part provides information about the nucleotide density vectors which the practical part is focused on. Analysis of auxiliary values on nucleotide density vectors was accomplished in Matlab by evaluating 188 real DNA barcode sequences. The identification analysis of organism was performed with the best auxiliary value for 4 datasets of the reference barcode sequences and 5 datasets of analyzed sequences of same organisms. Afterwards, the evaluation of the analysis was done by using separate nucleotide density vectors of individual nucleotides and their amounts.
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Hybridisation of cyprinid fishes in the Czech Republic: genetic and morphometric analysis of the subfamily Leuciscinae
Kaufman, Vít ; Musilová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Hybridization is a process when two interspecific individuals mate and spawn. When backcrossing it often goes hand in hand with admixing unrelated genome into the genome of a species. Nowadays it is well established that hybridization is not as uncommon as it was believed. Especially in vertebrates fish are quite common in such phenomena. In Leuciscids, the family of order Cypriniformes is relatively frequent. It is a rife family in the European freshwater systems. Factors that contribute to such frequent hybridization are extraneous fertilization, sympatric occurrence, competition for spawning grounds, and other ecophysiological traits. It was known since the second half of 20th century that this is an ongoing phenomenon in many species of this family. Previous research was focused mainly on morphological traits. The relative pinnacle of such research was based on allozymic analysis. The goal of our project was to evaluate the level of hybridization in the main water bodies of the Czech Republic with the main focus on the detection of involved hybrid species, the level of such hybridization, and the phenotypic characterization of hybrid individuals. For that reason, it was sampled over 400 specimens giving a dataset of 381 individuals. Tissue samples were sampled for DNA isolation and each of the...
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Evolution of the genus Malus with a particular reference to old and local cultivars
Polcar, Václav ; Urfus, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macková, Lenka (referee)
The following work deals with the genus Malus in terms of the significant diversity that this genus represents. It summarizes a basic knowledge about the taxonomic position and world centers of the genus evolution. Part of the thesis also discussed reproductive mechanisms as a source of the genus diversity. The thesis then focuses on the species Malus domestica, its evolution and the hybrid origin. In this context, old varieties of apple trees, their significance and pomologically important regions of the Czech Republic are presented. An integral part of this work is also devoted to the protection of old varieties, its limits and possibilities. The protection of old varieties also encompasses the extensive orchard as an important agroecosystem. Finally, different Czech regions are compared with respect to the quantity of reported old varieties.
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Odrůdové sortimenty rodu Lavandula ve světle historických dat
Vančurová, Lucie
The bachelor's thesis on the topic Varietal assortments of the genus Lavandula in the light of historical data deals in more detail with the genus Lavandula from the botanical, geographical, cultivation and breeding point of view. It also includes topics about the history, taxonomy and use of lavender in our country and in the world. The main goal of this work was to develop a study presenting an assortment of varieties of the genus Lavandula as a contribution to the reconstruction of historic gardens and parks. Introduce the described cultivars in terms of botanical, geographical, cultivation and breeding and last but not least compare the use of historical varieties with current ones. In elaborating this work, I based on the study of period sources, on the basis of which I studied which varieties were grown mainly in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. I see the application of this work mainly in garden architecture, where it can serve as a basis for the restoration of historic parks and gardens.
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Analýza druhového složení vegetace ve vinicích vybraných vinařských obcí
Černý, Martin
Diploma thesis of theme: Analysis of Species Composition of Vegetation in Vineyards of Selected Wine-Growing Villages deals with the evaluation of weed species composition in wine-growing villages Hlohovec, Moravský Žižkov, Sudoměřice and Horní Dunajovice. Observations were made in July 2018 and the composition of weed species was evaluated by using the phytocoenological surveys. Recorded data were statistically processed by DCA analysis, followed by RDA analysis and their output was ordination diagrams. 172 species were observed in all vineyards. In the vineyards of the wine-growing village Hlohovec were mainly species: Chenopodium hybridum, Artemisia absinthium, Consolida regalis. In the vineyards of the wine-growing village of Moravský Žižkov were mainly species: Plantago major, Festuca rubra, Carduus acanthoides, There were species in the vineyards of the wine-growing village of Sudoměřice: Festuca pratensis, Daucus carota, Picris hieracioides. In the vineyards of the village of Horní Dunajovice were mainly species: Trifolium repens, Hieracium pilosella, Cirsium arvense.
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Mělnická vinařská podoblast-východní část
Chábera, Jan
The title of the work Mělník wine area eastern part The main aim of my thesis was to describe wine region, especially the eastern part of the Czech Republic Mělník wine area. In my work I have characterized the climate, geography and soil conditions of the area, including legislative qualities, I have described the current state of winemaking in this sub region and winery Ždánice in the region Kolín, Čáslav and Kutná Hora. I briefly mentioned about the history of winemaking in the Czech Republic. My task was to find out information about the functioning of the area wineries, describe the vineyard, but also mention the information about the communities that have a history of winemaking, but the wineries havent been restored.
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Breeding and vocalization of the Forpus parrots species
Albrechtová, Šárka ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (referee)
This Thesis is a summary of available sources on the topic of the pet breeding of Forpus parrots and their vocalization. Since the parrotlets became best known in Czech republic as pets 35 years ago, they are not that common as other small species. However it was their vibrant colouring, pleasant vocalization and low breeding demands that enchanted the breeders.
In the first part of the Thesis, there is introduction on the taxonomy of the species with emphasis on its history and still changing presence. Also there is general description of the biology of each of the species and subspecies in the nature with their localization.
The second part consists of information on the topic of hobby breeding. It summarizes current findings in the form of breeder's advice including information about successful breeding and also emphasises the epizootiology.
The last part is dedicated to the topic of vocalization because parrotlets are one of a few species that are capable of referential vocalization. So there is a brief anatomy of syrinx, types of calls and details about referential vocalization. Also, findings from the last 30 years of research are mentioned.
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